1、名词复数的特殊变化。 普通名词的复数我们知道是直接加-s或 -es,可是偏偏有一些名词不听话,变化不规则。这些小调皮是: (a). class, box, watch, brush等词以 s, x, ch, sh, 结尾,复数要加-es; (b). story, factory 等以"辅音字母+y"结尾的词复数要先将-y 变成-i再加-es; (c). knife, wife, life等以-f 或-fe结尾的词一般先将-f或-fe变为-v, 再加-es; (d). 以-o结尾的名词,一般来说,末尾是"元音字母+o" 的词加-s,我们学过的有radio,zoo。末尾是"辅音字母+o"的词,变复数加-es。如:tomato, hero, potato,当然其中的piano 和photo,又是一个例外,他们的结尾只能加-s。 (e). child(children), foot(feet), tooth(teeth), mouse(mice), man(men ), woman(women )等词的复数变化全不遵循规则。 注意:与 man 和 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。如:an Englishman,two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词,故复数形式为 Germans; (f). deer,sheep等词更是懒得可以,竟然单复数同形。好记好记。 people,police,cattle 等词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数,所以它们的谓语当然也是复数形式,这就是集体名词。the English,the French,the Chinese等名词表示国民总称时,也作复数用。 注意:maths,politics,physics等学科名词,虽然以-s结尾,仍为不可数名词。还有the United States(美国),the United Nations(联合国)等应视为单数。 别奇怪,名词有时也可以作定语的。它作定语时一般用单数,但也有以下例外。 (a). man, woman等作定语时,它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定。如:men workers, women teachers。 (b). 数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式,中间加连字符。如:a ten-mile walk十里路,two-hundred trees 两百棵树。 2、名词所有格: 表示“……的”通常是在名词的后面加-s,如:Children's day,father's shoes。但以-s结尾的名词因为已经有s了,只需加 ' 就OK了。如果两个名词并列,并且分别有's,.则表示“分别有”。.如:John's and Mary's room(约翰和玛丽各有一间,共两间);两个名词并列,只有一个's,则表示"共有"。如:John and Mary's room(约翰和玛丽共有一间)。但是有些无生命名词的所有格要用介词of来帮助一下,如:a map of China,the end of this term。
练习: 1. All the _____teachers and______students are having a meeting there. A. women …girls B. women… girl C. woman…girls D. woman…girl 2. Mr Black is a friend of _________. A. Jack's aunt's B. Jack's aunt C. Jack aunt's D. aunt's of Jack 3. This toy was made by a ____ boy. A. ten-year-old B. ten-years-old C. ten-year-older D.ten-years-older 4. The farmer raised ten _________. A. sheeps B. deers C. horse D. cows 5. She looked at us sadly with her eyes as large as_________. A. her grandmother B. her grandmother's C. her grandmothers' D. that of her grandmother 6. We have moved into a ________. A. two- storey house B. house of two storey C. two-storeys house D. two storeys house 7. The ______ was too much for the child to carry. A. box's steel B. box of a steel C. steel box D. box of the steel 8. We'll give our English teacher a card for _________. A. the Teacher's Day B. Teacher's Day C. a Teacher's Day D. Teachers' Day 9. Li Ping met an old friend of _______on a train yesterday. A. he B. him C. his D. her 10. _________are big and bright. A. The classroom window B. The window of the classroom C. The windows of the classroom D. The classroom's windows |